Book Description:
Diabetes mellitus type 2 or Type 2 Diabetes (formerly called non - insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), or adult-onset diabetes) is a metabolic disorder that is primarily characterized by insulin resistance, relative insulin deficiency, and hyperglycemia. It is often managed by increasing exercise and dietary modification, although medications and insulin are often needed, especially as the disease progresses. It is rapidly increasing in the developed world and there is some evidence that this pattern will be followed in much of the rest of the world in coming years.CDC has characterized the increase as an epidemic. In addition, whereas this disease used to be also seen primarily in adults over age 40, in contrast to type 1 diabetes, it is now increasingly seen in children and adolescents, an increase thought to be linked to rising rates of obesity in this age group, although it remains a minority of cases. Unlike type 1 diabetes, there is little tendency toward ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes, though it is not unknown. One effect that can occur is nonketonic hyperglycemia which also is quite dangerous, though it must be treated very differently. Complex and multifactorial metabolic changes very often lead to damage and function impairment of many organs, most importantly the cardiovascular system in both types. This leads to substantially increased morbidity and mortality in both Type 1 and Type 2 patients, but the two have quite different origins and treatments despite the similarity in complications.This comprehensive new book deals with type 2 diabetes in the middle-aged and elderly.

Table of Contents:
Preface

Meanings of Illness in Type 2 Diabetes-From the Perspective of Evidence based Medicine
(Wen An Lai a, Wei-Chu Chie b, Ya-Yu Wang c, Shih-Yi Lin d, Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu d, Nai-Phon Wang e,
a Department of Family Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung County, Taiwan, ROC
b Department of Public Health and Graduate Institute of Preventive Medicine. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
c Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
d Division of Endrocrinology and Metabolism, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
e Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung County, Taiwan, ROC)

Diabetes in the Middle-aged and Elderly: A Challenge for Latin America
(Roopa Mehta, Carlos Alberto Aguilar Salinas, Dept. de Endocrinologia y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico)

The Use of Motivational Interviewing to Improve Elderly Diabetic Patient’s Adherence to Treatment Recommendations^
(Robert Gabbay and Kendra Durdock, Penn State Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Penn State College of Medicine, and others)

Diabetes in the Elderly
(Charina Yango, Russell D. White, Jon Dedon, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri)

Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes Prevention
(Gang Hu, Timo A Lakka, Noel C. Barengo, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Dept. of Public Health, Univ. of Helsinki, Dept. of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases Prevention, National Publich Health Inst., Helsinki, Dept. of Physiology and Kuopio Research Inst. of Exercise Medicine, Univ of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland)

Increases of Diabetes with Motorization/Supermarket-proliferation and Intervention in Okinawa
(Nobuyuki Takasu, Tamio Wakugami, Dept. of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Univ. of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa)

Diabetes Mellitus in Elderly Patients
(Beatriz De Rivas, Primary Care Specialist, Madrid, Spain)

Patient Empowerment for Middle Aged and Older Adults with Diabetes
(Martha Funnell, The Dept. of Medical Education and the Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan)

Quality of Diabetes Care in Disease Management Programs in Germany (Thomas Elkeles, Univ. of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, Dept. of Health, Nursing, Management, Germany, Wolf Kirschner, FB+E, Berlin, Christian Graf, Petra Kellermann-Muhlhoff, Barmer Health Insurance, Wuppertal)

Clinical Determinants of Health Related Quality of Life in an Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitos Population
(Angelos Papadopoulos, Hellenic Open Univ., Patras, Greece, Athens Univ., Attikon Univ. General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Nick Kontodimopoulos, Dimitris Niakas, Hellenic Open Univ., Patras, Greece)

Risk Factors and their Predicting Values for Diabetic Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(Xilin Yang, Alice PS Kong, Wing-Yee So, Juliana CN Chan, Dept. of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Inst. of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, The Prince of Whales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China)

Glycemin Stability in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus-A new Therapic Goal and New Glycemic Marker
(Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Univ. of Teikyo, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan)

Alterations of Structural and Signaling Biomolecules Contributing to Development of Type 2 Diabetes and its Complications
(Kocic Gordana, Kocic Radivoj, Inst. of Biochemistry and Clinic for Endocrinology Medical Faculty Nis, Serbia)

Diabetes, Obesity and Vascular Complications: From Insulin Resisteance to Coronary Atherosclerosis
(Charalambos Antoniades, Alexis Antonopoulos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Kyriakoula Marinou, Anna-Maria Kompoli, Costantinos Psaros, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Athens Univ. Medical School, 1st Dept. of Cardiology, Athens Greece)

Carotid Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
(Marijan Bosevski, Univ. Cardialogy Clinic, Medical Faculty Skopje, Macedonia)

Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
(Hiroyuki Shimizu, Dept. of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma Univ. Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma)

The Association of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Diabetic Nephropathy is an Important Predictor of Increased Cardiac Mortality and Progressive Renal Disease
(Geoffrey Boner, Retired, Tel Aviv Univ., Israel, Mark Niven, Laniado Hospital, Sanz Medical Center, Netanya, Israel)

Thiazolidinediones to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease
(Kazuaki Nishio, Noburu Konno, Youichi Kobatashi, Showa University, Tokyo)

Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes
(Wei-Chia Lee, Chang Gung Univ., College od Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan)

Renal Dysfunction and Vascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
(Imtiaz Shah, Arjun Ghosh, Andrew Collier, Dept. of Medicine, The Ayr Hospital, Ayr, Scotland)

Pentoxifyllin in the Treatment of Microalbuminuria and Overt Proteinuria in Patients with Diabetes
(Martha Rodrigues-Moran, Fernando Huerrero-Romero, Biomedical Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Inst., Nucleus of Research and Clinical Diagnosis, Durango, Mexico)

Considerations in Periodontal Treatment and Dental Implant in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
(Jun-Beom Park, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Univ. of Michigan, USA)

How Could the Catalase Deficiency Contribute to Diabetes Mellitus?
(Laszlo Goth, Ildiko Tarnai, Dept. of Medical Laboratory Analytics, Medical and Health Science Center, Univ. of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary)

Low-Cost Care is the Key to Quality Outcome in Type 2 Diabetes in Nigeria
(Okoro EO, Division of Hypertension, Diabetes and Therapeutics, Committe of Safety and Efficacy of Medicines and Medical Devices, Kolo PM, Division of Cardology, Univ. of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, Davies, AE, Dept. of Polotical Science, Univ. of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria)

One World, One Hope: The Role of Magnesium Supplementation, to Facing the Worldwide Challenge of Type 2 Diabetes
(Fernando Guerrero-Romero, Martha Rodriguez-Moran, Biomedical Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Inst., Nucleus of Research and Clinical Diagnosis, Durango, Mexico)

The Diabetic Foot
(Iman A. Aloan, Specialist Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dept. of Orthopaedics, Univ. Hospital in Linkoping, Sweden, Ulf Martin Schilling, Sen. Registrar Internal and Emergency Medicine, Dept. of Emergencies, Univ. Hospital in Linkoping, Sweden)

Update on Diabetic Macular Edema in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(Pedro Romero-Aroca, Dept. of Ophthalmology, Hospital Univ. Sant Joan Reus, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, Univ. Rovira i Virgili, Spain)

Short Communications

Good Diabetic Control in Japanese Prisons
(Masamitsu Hinata, Medical Affairs Section, Fukushima Prison, Dept. of Psychiatry, Ichiyokai Hospital, Fukushima, Japan)

Postprandial Thermoregulation in Elderly Diabetic Patients
(Satoru Suzuki, Masahiro Takei, Kiyoshi Hashizume, Dept. of Aging Medicine and Geriatrics, Isnt. on Aging and Adaptation, Shinshu Univ., Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan)

Microparticles and Type 2 Diabetes
(Shosaku Nomura, Division of Hematology, Kishiwada City Hospital, Norihito Inami, Second Dept. of Internel Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Tetsuya Ueba, Division of Neurosurgery, Kishiwada City Hospital)

^Is self-efficacy a useful determinant of behavioral change in type 2 diabetes?
(Taiga Shibayama, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba)

Index