Advantages and Disadvantages of and Cooperation between CD8+ and CD4+ Regulatory T Cells, pp. 169-183
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Authors: (Haruhiko Suzuki, Yusuke Okuno, Agustina Tri Endharti, Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan, and others)
Abstract: Adaptive immune responses are based on the cooperative harmony between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This principle applies not only to typical effector T cells but also to regulatory T cells. Studies of CD4+ regulatory T cells have greatly advanced after the discovery of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg), whereas progress in understanding the dynamics of CD8+ regulatory T cells has been much slower. Although several CD8+ regulatory T cells with different markers have been reported, these cells have not been studied as extensively as CD4+ Treg. Among CD8+ regulatory T cells, the CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells in mice and their human counterparts, CD8+CXCR3+ cells, appear to be the most promising for further study. Following the initial discovery of CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells, the same research group has clarified part of the molecular mechanism of these regulatory T cells and determined the important roles of these cells in certain autoimmune diseases by using experimental mouse models. In this review, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each CD8+ regulatory T cell population in comparison with CD4+ Treg and other CD8+ regulatory T cells. Furthermore, we present experimental results showing the synergistic effect of CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells and CD4+ Treg and suggest that both CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells be used for the treatment of immune diseases.
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