Book Description:
Electroanalytical chemistry, as the name implies, involves the analysis of chemical species through the use of electrochemical methods. Generally, we monitor alterations in the concentration of a chemical species by measuring changes in current in response to an applied voltage with respect to time. According to Faraday's law, the charge is directly proportional to the amount of species undergoing a loss (oxidation) or gain (reduction) of electrons.Constant potential amperometry, high-speed chronoamperometry, fast cyclic voltammetry (FCV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) are the most common voltammetric techniques used to detect monoamine neurotransmitters (i.e., serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine). Each method has its pros and cons. In constant potential amperometry, a uniform potential is applied and the change in current is monitored as a function of time. The advantage of this technique is that the time resolution is limited only by the data collection frequency of the instrument. On the other hand, the primary disadvantage is the low chemical selectivity. For example, all species with oxidation potentials below the applied voltage will be oxidized and contribute to the current.

Chronoamperometry is a square wave pulsed voltammetric technique. Limited information about the identity of the electrolyzed species can be obtained from the ratio of the peak oxidation current versus the peak reduction current. However, as with all pulsed techniques, chronoamperometry generates high charging currents, which in this case, decay exponentially with time. To measure the faradic current (the current that is proportional to the concentration of the analyte), current in the last 70-80% of each scan is integrated (when charging current has dissipated). In chronoamperometry, it takes approximately one second to complete a scan in the delayed pulse mode, the latter of which is necessary to prevent fouling of the electrode by serotonin and its oxidation products. Since the current is integrated over relatively longer time intervals, chronoamperometry gives a good signal to noise ratio.

Fast cyclic voltammetry is a linear sweep voltammetry technique in which the background subtracted voltammogram gives additional information about the electrolyzed species. The current response over a range of potentials is measured, making it a better technique to discern additional current contributions from other electroactive species. FCV is a relatively fast technique with single scans typically recorded every 100 ms, however, the fast scan rates decrease the signal to noise ratio.Differential pulse voltammetry is a hybrid form of linear sweep and pulsed voltammetries. It has found excellent usage in the identification of electrolyzed species. However, multiple pulses in the waveform make it a relatively slower technique with individual scans taking minutes to complete. This new book presents the latest research in the field.

Table of Contents:
Preface

Expert Commentary

Commentary A: Novel Perspectives on the Application of Scanning Electrochemical Spectroscopy in the Study of Electrocatalytic Reactions (Lin Niu, Xiaoli Cao, Min Lu, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China)pp. 1-5

Research and Review Studies

Chapter 1: Ion Exchange and Transport Characteristics of Perfluorinated Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cells
(Tatsuhiro Okada, Kikuko Hayamizu, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan, Morihiro Saito, Tokyo University of Science, Japan) pp. 7-84

Chapter 2: Hydrocarbon Polymer Electrolytes for Fuel Cell Applications
(Jinli Qiao, Tatsuhiro Okada, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan)pp. 85-134

Chapter 3: Kinetics of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Iron and the Hydrogen Diffusion through a Steel Membrane in Ethylene Glycol and Ethanol Solutions of Hydrochloric Acid (L.E. Tsygankova, V.I. Vigdorovich, M.V. Vigdorovich, Derzhavin State University, Russia) pp. 135-182

Chapter 4: Synthetic Diamond Electrodes for Electroanalysis and Electrolysis (Yuri V. Pleskov, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia) pp. 183-227

Chapter 5: Trace & Ultra-Trace Analysis: Electrochemical Against Optical Techniques (Elham Mirmomtaz, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran, ELETTRA, Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy, International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Italy, Ali Asghar Ensafi, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran) pp. 229-254

Chapter 6: Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry in Trace Metal Electroanalysis. Case Study: Dimethylglyoxime Complexes (Silvana A. Ramirez, Instituto De Ciencias, University Nacional de General Sarmiento, J.M. Gutierrez Los Polvorines, Argentina, Gabriel J. Gordillo, INQUIMAE-DQIAQF, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA), Argentina)pp. 255-278

Chapter 7: Electrodeposited Au-Pd Alloys for DMFC Electrocatalysis: An Electroanalytical and Structural Investigation
(Benedetto Bozzini, Lucia D'Urzo, Claudio Mele, Dipartimento de Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, University di Lecce, Italy)pp. 279-298

Index